Инверсия

Инверсия

Когда мы хотим выделить нужную для нас информацию, мы используем инверсию. Инверсия используется очень дозированно, только там, где это действительно нужно. Иначе ваша речь будет звучать не естественно.

Чтобы у нас получилась инверсия, нам нужно несколько инструментов. Первое, нужно поменять местами подлежащее и сказуемое.

• I have never seen such a beautiful woman. --> Never have I seen such a beautiful woman. (Никогда я не видел такую красивую женщину.)
• The room was not only small, but it was dirty as well. Not only was the room small, but it was dirty as well. (Комната не только была маленькой, она была также грязной.)



Второе, во временах Present Simple и Past Simple мы также добавляем вспомогательные глаголы для образования инверсии do, does, did + subject + main verb.

• He went to the restaurant and then we went to the club. --> Not only did we go to the restaurant, but we went to the club as well. (Мы не только пошли в ресторан, но мы также пошли в клуб.)
• He smokes and drinks. Not only does he smoke but he drinks as well. (Он не только курит, но и выпивает.)



Третье, существует несколько вариантов как начать предложение с инверсией.

Not only ...

• They are on holiday and they are on holiday in Greece. --> Not only are they on holiday, (but) they are on holiday in Greece. (Они не только в отпуске, они в отпуске в Греции. )
• She plays tennis and she also goes swimming. Not only does she play tennis, she goes swimming too. (Она не только играет в теннис, она также ходит на плаванье.)
• He is hardworking and intelligent. Not only is he hardworking (but) he is intelligent too. (Он не только трудолюбив, но также очень умный.)



Not until ...

• I didn't realise how lucky I was until many years later. --> Not until years later did I realise how lucky I was. (Только годы спустя я понял, как мне повезло.)
• We didn't go to bed until the dawn. --> Not until the dawn did we go to bed. (Только на рассвете мы пошли спать.)
• I haven't thought about it until now. --> Not until now have I thought about it. (До сих пор я не думал об этом.)



Never ...

• I have never seen such a beautiful building. --> Never have I seen such a beautiful building. (Никогда я не видел такое красивое здание.)
• He is never sorry for his behaviour. --> Never is he sorry for his behaviour. (Никогда он не сожалеет о своем поведении.)
• He has never wanted to live there. --> Never has he wanted to live there. (Никогда он не хотел жить там.)



No sooner ...than

• Shortly after I had got home it started to rain. --> No sooner had I got home than it started to rain. (Не успели мы прийти домой, как начался дождь.)
• I had just switched on the TV when the film started. --> No sooner had I switched the TV than the film started. (Как только мы включили телевизор, фильм начался.)
• I had just written a few words when the electricity was cut off. --> No sooner had I written a few words than the electricity was cut off . (Не успел я написать и пару слов, как отключили электричество.)



Фраза No sooner as похожа по значению на фразу as soon as




Only then ...

• I only realized how beautiful the dress was when I got to the party. --> Only then did I realize how beautiful the dress was when I got to the party. (Только тогда я поняла каким красивым было платье, когда пришла на вечеринку.)
• I only fell asleep when he called and said he was fine. --> He called and said he was fine.Only then did I fall asleep. (Он позвонил и сказал, что в порядке. Только тогда я уснула.)



Only when ...

• He went to bed only when his parents made him. --> Only when his parents made him did he go to bed. (Только когда его родители заставили его, он пошел спать.)
• I only understood this film when I read the reviews. --> Only when I read the reviews did I understand this film. (Только когда я прочитал отзывы, я понял фильм.)



Hardly/Scarcely ... when

• We had just begun to play tennis when it started to rain. --> Hardly had we begun to play tennis when it started to rain. (Едва ли мы начали играть в теннис, как начался дождь.)
• She had just finished cooking the lunch when the children came back from school. --> Scarcely had she finished cooking the lunch when the children came back from school. . (Она только закончила готовить обед, как дети вернулись со школы.)



Rarely ...

• We have rarely had such a disastrous journey. --> Rarely have we hadsuch a disastrous journey. (Редко, когда у нас была такая ужасная поездка.)
• I have rarely met him at those parties. --> Rarely have I met him at those parties. (Редко я встречал его на этих вечеринках.)

Упражнение